Types of Pallets: Features and Characteristics

Introduction to Pallets

The convenient rotation of loads could improve the operation process at a significant level. They enable the easier movement of products by adopting machinery, like radio pallet shuttle carts, forklifts, etc.

Now existing multiple types of pallets, made from wood, plastics, metals, or two entry points/ four entry points, each type has its own unique feature to be explored.

Types of Pallets by Dimensions

Euro pallet

The 1200x800mm euro pallet is widely used across Europe. It is regulated by the European Pallet Association (EPAL), with around 500 million euro pallets in circulation. This standardization allows for efficient handling and transport across different logistics systems.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   

Main Characteristics of Euro pallet:

• Dimensions: 1200 mm length, 800 mm width
• Materials: 11 wooden boards, 9 blocks, 78 nails
• Weight: Approximately 25 kg
• Safe workload: 1500 kg during transport
• Static load: Up to 5500 kg on a stable surface
• Identification: Marked with EPAL and other relevant details                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

American Pallet

The American pallet, also known as the universal pallet or iso pallet, measures 1200x1000 mm. It is predominantly used in American and Japanese logistics systems.

Main Characteristics of American Pallet:

• Dimensions: 1200 mm length, 1000 mm width
• Weight: Approximately 25 kg
• Safe workload: 1500 kg during transport
• Static load: Up to 6000 kg on a stable surface                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

Other Standardized Pallet Sizes

Apart from the euro pallet and American pallet, ISO standards include additional sizes such as 1016x1219 mm, 1165x1165 mm, 1067x1067 mm, and 1100x1100 mm. These sizes, however, are less commonly used.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

Types of Pallets by Entry Points

4 Entry Points Pallets

These pallets can be accessed from any side, providing maximum mobility and ease of handling. Forklifts can introduce the fork from all four sides, facilitating efficient movement.

2 Entry Points Pallets

Pallets with 2 entry points can only be accessed from two opposite sides. This design limits their mobility but can still be useful in certain applications.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       

Types of Pallets by Material

Wooden Pallets

Wooden pallets dominate the market due to their durability and cost-effectiveness.

Advantages:

• Competitive pricing
• High resistance and reliability
• Easy repair and recycling

Disadvantages:

• Susceptible to damage
• Difficult to clean and disinfect                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

Plastic Pallets

Plastic pallets are gaining popularity for their hygiene and durability.

Advantages:

• Easy to clean and disinfect
• Lightweight and durable
• 100% recyclable

Disadvantages:

• Higher cost compared to wood
• Potential for deformation under heavy loads                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

Metal Pallets

Used primarily in heavy industries, metal pallets offer exceptional strength and longevity.

Advantages:

• High load capacity
• Long-lasting and impact-resistant

Disadvantages:

• Heavier and more expensive
• Higher transportation costs                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   

Cardboard Pallets

Ideal for light loads, cardboard pallets are economical and environmentally friendly.

Advantages:

• Lightweight and disposable
• Cost-effective and recyclable

Disadvantages:

• Short lifespan
• Limited to light loads                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

Special Types of Pallets

Reversible Pallets

Reversible pallets can be loaded from both sides, enhancing their versatility.

Closed Pallets

Also known as flat pallets, these are designed for single-sided loading with a slat covering one side.

Wing Pallets

Wing pallets feature projections on the sides, facilitating the use of fastening systems.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

Recommendations for Loading Goods on Pallets

Proper loading techniques are essential to maintain the integrity of the goods and ensure safety. Here are some key recommendations:

• Avoid gaps between pallets to prevent unbalanced stacking.
• Cross-stack pallets for stability during transportation.
• Ensure the load does not exceed the pallet dimensions.
• Use shrink wrap for loads extending beyond the pallet edges.
• Know the weight and height limits to optimize stacking and transport.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

FAQs

1. What are the dimensions of a europallet?

The europallet measures 1200x800 mm.

2. What materials are pallets made of?

Pallets can be made from wood, plastic, metal, or cardboard.

3. How many types of pallets are there?

Pallets vary by dimensions, entry points, materials, and specific designs such as reversible, closed, and wing pallets.

4. What are the advantages of wooden pallets?

Wooden pallets are cost-effective, durable, easy to repair, and recyclable.

5. How should goods be loaded on pallets?

Goods should be loaded to avoid gaps, cross-stacked for stability, and shrink-wrapped if necessary to ensure safe and efficient transport.